老年人虐待筛查测验(walek‑Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test,H‑S/EAST)
未发现这个量表的中文版,推荐照顾者虐待老年人评估量表/老年人照顾者问卷调查表(Caregiver Abuse Screen,CASE)https://scale.xinlixue.cn/archives/CASE-1.html
许文仙等(2022)在《老年人虐待评估工具的系统综述》中将 H-S/EAST(老年人虐待筛查测验)列为纳入的 19 种评估工具之一。据该综述介绍,此工具由美国学者 Neale 等(1991)开发,适用于医院和社区,由临床卫生人员使用,采用问卷法,包含 3 个维度、15 个条目,测评内容主要筛查老年人身体虐待、心理虐待及物质或经济虐待,其原始验证研究的样本包括经 APS 评估认定为遭受虐待的老年人 170 名、评定为未遭受虐待者 42 名及来自诊所的老年人 47 名。在心理测量学特性方面,综述报告该量表原始版本的内部一致性 Cronbach’s α 仅为 0.29,但其土耳其修订版 α 系数为 0.741、ICC>0.75,截断值为 6 时灵敏度、特异度、AUC 分别达 76.9%、96.2% 和 0.938,伊朗版本也表现出良好的信效度;综述将原始研究的内部一致性质量评价为“差”。综述认为该工具的优点是经过多次发展形成多个版本,是其他多个工具发展的基础,缺点则是原始版本有效性较差、出现假阴性的概率高。
老年人虐待筛查测验(walek‑Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test,H‑S/EAST)
全部 15 条英文原题:
- Do you have anyone who spends time with you, taking you shopping or to the doctor?
- Are you helping to support someone?
- Are you sad or lonely often?
- Who makes decisions about your life — like how you should live or where you should live?
- Do you feel uncomfortable with anyone in your family?
- Can you take your own medication and get around by yourself?
- Do you feel that nobody wants you around?
- Does anyone in your family drink a lot?
- Does someone in your family make you stay in bed or tell you you’re sick when you know you’re not?
- Has anyone forced you to do things you didn’t want to do?
- Has anyone taken things that belong to you without your O.K.?
- Do you trust most of the people in your family?
- Does anyone tell you that you give them too much trouble?
- Do you have enough privacy at home?
- Has anyone close to you tried to hurt you or harm you recently?
1、6、12、14 题:回答“否”计 1 分
2、3、5、7、8、9、10、11、13、15 题:回答“是”计 1 分
第 4 题:回答“别人替我做决定”计 1 分
总分 0‑15;≥3 分提示风险升高、需进一步评估;该工具是筛查工具,不能作为确诊依据。
作者经因子分析将 15 题归纳为三类:
Overt violation of personal rights or direct abuse(个人权利公然侵犯 / 直接虐待,5 题):4、9、10、11、15
Characteristics of the elder vulnerable to abuse(老年人受虐待的脆弱特征,3 题):1、3、6
Characteristics of potentially abusive situation(潜在虐待情境特征,7 题):2、5、7、8、12、13、14
参考文献:
Neale, A. V., Hwalek, M. A., Scott, R. O., & Stahl, C. (1991). Validation of the Hwalek Sengstock elder abuse screening test. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 10(4), 406-415. Reprinted by permission: Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
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许文仙,沈禹聪,郑崇皓,等.老年人虐待评估工具的系统综述[J].中国全科医学,2022,25(16):2044-2050.